No water is safe to drink unless the Waterborne Pathogens are removed.

What does it mean by Wateborne Pathogens?

 Bacteria, viruses and protozoan that cause disease are known as pathogens.

How pathogens occur in water?

Pathogens may get into water and spread when infected humans or animals pass the bacteria, viruses and protozoa in their fecal waste. Human or animal wastes in watersheds, failing septic systems, failing sewage treatment plants or cross-connections of water lines with sewage lines provide the potential for contaminating water with pathogens

    The water may not appear to be contaminated and may even look crystal clear, because feces has been broken up, dispersed and diluted into microscopic particles. These particles, containing pathogens, may remain in the water and be passed to humans or animals unless adequately treated

Detection of Pathogens

Total Coliforms (including fecal coliform and E. Coli)  count is used as an indicator that other potentially harmful bacteria may be present.As the source of contaminant is human and animal fecal waste, the maximum contaminant level (MCL) is set as  zero in drinking water. MCLs are enforcable standards in public water system.

Waterborne Diseases 

Most pathogens are generally associated with diseases that cause intestinal illness and affect people in a relatively short amount of time, generally a few days to two weeks. They can cause illness through exposure to small quantities of contaminated water or food or from direct contact with infected people or animals.  For another person to become infected, he or she must take that pathogen in through the mouth, And that happens when drinking water is contaminated.

 Bacteria-Caused Diseases ;

 Campylobacteriosis is the most common diarrhea illness caused by bacteria. Other symptoms include abdominal pain, malaise, fever, nausea and vomiting. Symptoms begin three to five days after exposure. The illness is frequently over within two to five days and usually lasts no more than 10 days

    Viral-Caused Diseases ;

The onset is usually abrupt with fever, malaise, loss of appetite, nausea and abdominal discomfort, followed within a few days by jaundice. The disease varies in severity from a mild illness lasting one to two weeks, to a severely disabling disease lasting several months (rare)

Protozoan Caused Diseases 

 Protozoan pathogens are larger than bacteria and viruses but still microscopic. They invade and inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. Some parasites enter the environment in a dormant form, with a protective cell wall, called a “cyst.” 

 Disinfection

All bacteria in water are readily killed or inactivated with chlorine or other disinfectants. 

 Most viruses in drinking water can be inactivated by chlorine or other disinfectants and some strains need advanced treatments like ozonozation .

The cyst can survive in the environment for long periods of time and be extremely resistant to conventional disinfectants such as chlorine. Effective filtration treatment is therefore critical to removing these organisms from water sources.  

Disinfection by Chlorine

Chlorine is one of the most versatile chemicals used in water treatment/ disinfection.Chorine can be applied for the deactivation of most microorganisms and is relatively cheap.The chlorine attacks bacterial cells and protien coat of viruses, hence effectievel y killing both bacteria and viruses.

There are certain factors to be considered in chlorination process;

Chlorine Concentration.Contact time,pH interfering substances

And we , at Trueline Water Technonolgies,  design, erect and commission a complete  chlorine dosing system

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Down below is the picture of  a typical Chlorine Dosing Pump