Session6

HARD WATER

How do we know water is hard?

The simple way to know is the effect of water on soap.Laundering and washing becomes difficult as hardness ions form a prei]ciptate with soap.So more soap is required when washing with hard water. In addition scales are formed on vessels on cooking.Hard water also leaves scales in plumping fixtures.

How  Hard Water is formed in nature?

 Hard water is caused by soluble metals like  calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). Other metals like,Strontium, aluminum, barium & iron ,  present in large  concentrations also  contribute significantly to the total hardness.   Water hardness varies considerably in different geographic areas .This is due to different geologic formations, and is also a function of the contact time between water and limestone deposits. Magnesium is dissolved as water passes over and through dolomite and other magnesium-bearing minerals. Because groundwater is in contact with these formations for a longer period of time than surface water, groundwater is normally harder than surface water. 

How bad is hard water?

Hard water is not a health hazard. .Problem  is  in handling Scales , thin white formations, as deposited wherever the hard water comes in contact with,So its  a nuisance in plumbing fixtures , in cooking , washing and laundry 

Water Softening. How to do it?

The most common way to soften household water is to use a water softener.

 Softeners are automatic, semi-automatic, or manual. Fully automatic softeners regenerate on a preset schedule and return to service automatically.  Semi automatic softeners have automatic controls for everything except for the start of regeneration. Manual units require manual operation of one or more valves to control back washing, brining and rinsing.

The principle behind water softening is really just simple chemistry. A water softener contains resin beads which hold electrically charged ions. When hard water passes through the softener, calcium and magnesium ions are attracted to the charged resin beads. It's the resulting removal of calcium and magnesium ions that produces "soft water." 

The diagram , given below,shows the exchange that takes place during the water softening process. 

 

When the resin beads in your softener become saturated with calcium and magnesium ions, they need to be recharged. Sodium ions from the water softening salt reactivate the resin beads so they can continue to do their job

We at Tueline water Technologies , design , erect and commssion Water Softening Plants.

Connect to us at;

https://truelinewatertechnologies.business.site/

 www.truelinewatertechnologies/facebook.com

truelinewatertechnologies@yahoo.co.in

Mob.9142744696

Down below is the a Water Softner Unit we have installed in a House near Aluva.The unit is manualy operated.

 

We are moving to advanced treatments in our next session.

 

 

Session of 5 of Knowing Your Water

Iron in water?

Yes.For a lay man its the most unlikely thing to be found in water.But if you remember the first session of this series , last 26th spt. ,you have the answer - that, water is a universal solvent.You will anything and everything in water .And keep in mind that  iron is the most abundant metal on earth' s crust. 

     Well, iron present in water in dissolved form, meaning it will not be removed by normal filtration.Water comes out of sand filter,whether slow or rapid, which we discussed in previous sessions, will still contains iron.Situation is same with Activated Carbon Filter, which we explained in the last session.

And do we have to remove iron?

You don't have to remove it completely. A certain amount of iron is permissible, even desirable, according to Govt. regulations as well as WHO standadrs. Iron deficiency is a nutritional deficiency. Deficiency in iron leads to a decease called " anemia" characterized by reduction in the number of red blood cells.So we now know  that excess iron in water  is the issue .

What happens when iron is in excess ?

Well, water tastes sour,a sort of metallic taste. And water turns colour. And it often stains the containers. The stains are brown and are  evident on tile or ceramic surfaces. Excess iron in water is also a health hazard.Excess iron leads to iron toxicity , severe in the case of children. 

Another problem is Iron Bacteria. 

And What's  Iron bacteria?

This question is often asked.Iron bacteria or iron oxidising bacteria grows in water where there is iron content as well as sufficient dissolved oxygen. The colonies of iron bacteria appears as  brown slime .This is what stains the clothes, plumbing fixtures and containers washed with water carrying iron  bacteria.

Now we have to remove excess iron from water, whether its for drinking or utility.

How do we remove excess iron?

There are several methods to remove excess iron.Most of them are complex procedures.The process is often a combination of chemical treatment and filtration .The filtration, after the coagulation and precipitation (chemical treatment ) is either done conventionally  or through advanced iron specific resins, depending up on the specified  requirements.

We at Tueline water Technologies , design , erect and commission  simple , easy to opreate and more over cost effective Iron removal Plants , also called Deferization plant  based on the Flow Diagram , given herewith;

 

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email; trueline@rediffmail.com. Mob;9142744696

We'll meet with issues of Hard Water and solutions in our next session